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From the righteous learning to the rule of Shun: Zhu Xi’s Emperor’s academic thoughts and analysis “Oh, then your mother should be very excited when she knows it.” Zheng Ju sighed, “
Author: Wang Qi﹡
Source: Author Authorized by Confucian Network Published
Zhu Han, Hunan Major Study Club November 2019
Time: Confucius was in the 2570s Gengzi mid-spring fifteenth day Gengxu
》The study of “correcting the heart and being sincere” is to establish a vain, shape a fantasy emperor, and achieve the rule of Shun. Studying things to understand knowledge and understand the truth is the condition for correcting the king’s heart, and to be honest and upright in one’s heart is the key to correcting the king’s heart. The implementation of the art of governing the country by the country is the natural extension of the establishment of the king’s heart. Zhu Xi’s fantasy pursuit of using rational principles to regulate the emperor and politics. In fact, it is to govern with Taoism, limit the king’s authority and go out to govern the way.
[Keyword]
Zhu Xi Big School Emperorial Heart Handsome Heart Handsome Heart Let’s End The rule of Shun
From Fan Zuyu’s first proposed the concept of “the ‘big learning’ of the emperor”, [①] The scholars and officials of the Song Dynasty used “big learning” as a weapon to think about it. Through the classical theory, they worked hard to build the learning of the emperor, and took King Shun as the goal, guided the emperor to cultivate himself and govern the country, and became the emperor’s career, and expressed political management ideas. Zhu Xi was the first to explore systematic thinking and theoretical discussions about him.
href=”https://twsugardaddy.org/”>Baohao.com‘s review of Zhu Xi’s collection of works, we found that as early as the 32nd year of Shuxing (1162), Zhu Xi proposed in “The Story of the Emperor’s Faith of Learning” that “the emperor’s learning was unfamiliar to his unfamiliarity”. [②] The emperor used “Big Learning” as a regular study and “the prosperity of Shun”. [③] Later, he also wrote “The Story of the Guiwei Chuigong”, “The Story of the Gengzi”, “The Story of the Xin Chou Yanhe”, and “The Story of the Wushen Yanhe”. [③] Afterwards, he also wrote “The Story of the Guiwei Chuigong”, “The Story of the Gengzi”, “The Story of the Xin Chou Yanhe”, and “The Story of the Wushen Yanhe”. 《The Seizure of Wushen”,《The Seizure of Yiyou,》 and other series of “Imperial School” tribunals and memorials, hoping to “learn the truth and guide it in the front, determine the reason and supervise it later, and allow the matter to be modified and resolved in it.” [④] Use science to influence emperors and politics, achieve the rule of King Shun, and solve the political crisis and social problems of the Southern Song Dynasty. When Zhu Xi had the opportunity to report, someone kindly reminded him: “The discussion of ‘righteous and sincere’ is what the emperor said”, and do not take it as a word. Zhu Xi refused and refused to say, “What I have learned in my life,Only these four words can you deceive my lord silently? ”[⑤] In the fifth year of Shuxi (1194), Zhu Xi served as the director of the Wei Zhangguan and the attendant. When he was teaching for Song Ningzong, he once again comprehensively summarized his imperial thinking, developed the meaning of “Big School”, and wrote the “Big School” for lectures.
From the first time he proposed to use “Big School” as the imperial school to the international lectures<a During the 32 years of raising the school, Zhu Xi never gave up his thoughts and construction of "imperial school". His constant theme is to use "correcting the heart and integrity" in "Big School", and to establish a trait of the king's heart, [⑥] became the emperor's career, emphasized the order of politics and society, and realized the domineering fantasy of Confucianism. However, for a long time, the academic community has paid more attention to Zhu Xi's discussion on the construction of the new scientific system of four books in "Big School", and suddenly he has ignored his role The scholars and officials used "Big Xue" to construct imperial studies, and tried to use academic guidance to guide politics, to achieve the king's way of doing things, and to achieve the king's side, and thus could not truly understand that Zhu Xi's life spirit was at the most basic basis of "Big Xue". [⑦]
So, how could the emperor use the way of “Big Xue” to guide the emperor to achieve the rule of Shun? Zhu Xi believed that “the learning of the ruler should first be to understand the truth.” “As the principle is clear, everything that is necessary to do, and what is not done must be stopped. It is difficult to follow the principles of heaven, rather than having interest, must, solid, and selfish. ”[⑧] The so-called “to attain knowledge and study things is to sacrifice this principle; being honest, upright, and cultivating oneself is to scheming this principle; a family, governing the country, and pacifying the whole country is just to recommend this principle. ”[⑨] Therefore, to realize the fantasy goal of Jun Shun, we must first understand the truth by studying things, and then practice self-cultivation with integrity and correct mind, and finally achieve the goal of family, governance, and national peace.
1. Studying things, we must learn to understand the truth: The most important thing is to doBaoying story
Zhu Xi believed that in the way of becoming a sage king, investigating things and learning knowledge is the “first meaning of “Big Learning””, “Cultivating
The way of self-governing others comes from here”, [⑩] is the emperor’s first mission to learn and cultivate oneself. So, what is investigating things and learning knowledge? How to investigate things and learn to understand truth?
1. The so-called “生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生� Things are special things”, “Investigate things” means “to destroy the principles of things, and to be extremely unavoidable.” [11] That is, things seek principles, and to achieve a perfect understanding of the principles of things. The so-called “to attain knowledge” means “to attain, to promote extremes. Knowing is especially cognitive. To express my knowledge, I want everything I know,” it is to imply the truth that the things are sacred to the extreme, “Those who know it in me will also be ashamed of everything.” [12] After the phone number of investigating things was closed, the little girl began to use short videos again. Song Wei was concerned about it.Local Question: To achieve knowledge is a process of deepening the understanding. “Surveying things is just about the principle of one thing, and after obtaining knowledge, it is only after obtaining physics, my knowledge is also about everything. If I refer to this knowledge and lead it to it. This is only when I can realize it in this way, so I should work hard accordingly. But if I can investigate things, I know that it will come from the beginning, which is not a different matter.” [13] You have me in you and I have you in me. Investigation of things is the basis and condition of knowledge, and knowledge is the deepening and completion of investigation; Investigation of things is the “reason” obtained through the study, analysis, and study of things, and knowledge is the application and deduction of the “reason” acquired. In summary, studying things to gain knowledge means to reflect on the outside and reflecting my heart to the inside, making it “highly embellished inside and outside, without any consequences.” [14] The principles of external objects are integrated with the principles of my mind, and achieve the unity of the mind and the principles, and gain the understanding of the “reason of cooperation”.
2. The ability and need of learning by pursuing things. What can we know when investigating things? Therefore, it can be sufficient and become a need? This is because “all things have one principle, and all principles come into being one principle, so this can be deduced and there is no need to be prosperous.” It is precisely because all the products are large. Which company do you work in now? It’s said that it’s not something that ordinary people can go. The existence of a reasonable reason makes it possible to study things and realize knowledge. “Because the same reason, the same reason is, so with the heart of one person, there is no way to know the principles of
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