requestId:684c3e4cf09fe8.43109131.
About the phenomenon of lacquerware hiding gifts in pre-Qin Jiyou
Author: Liu Jinyou
Source: “Shenzhen Social Sciences” No. 2, 2019
[Abstract]The pre-Qin social instruments are for hiding gifts, and lacquerware is like a blue copper gift. It is a material and chemical conveyor that people express their graces at the time. Lacquer utensils such as eating utensils, dance utensils, bows and arrows, crowns and cars have the connotations of gifts such as ghosts and gods, dissemination, distinction, distinction, and distinction. The connotations contain gift characteristics such as superiority, divine nature, authority, and level. Therefore, using the auspicious gift as the central phenomenon of lacquerware to explore the pre-Qin tribute society sweetheart Baobab Nursing Network has the main meaning.
[Keyword]Pre-Qin lacquerware Gifts Auspicious Gifts
Author’s introduction: Liu Jinyou, a 2017 doctoral student in the Special History of the Major Chinese Academy of Nationalities.
Auspicious gifts are the gifts of memorial service, and are the top five gifts. “Zhou Rong·Chun Guan·Da Ji Bo” says: “Give good gifts to worship ghosts, gods, and demonstrations in the country.” [1] It can be seen that good gifts are a gift for worshiping gods and ghosts, and the objects of worship are divided into three categories: human, ghost, gods, and demonstrations of earth. Important activities include worship services such as Liuhe, worship of the sun, moon, and stars, worship of the previous kings, worship of ancestors, worship of the country, and worship of the clan. The variety of memorial gifts and the richness of lacquerware make there is no special statement in the memorial gifts about the relationship between lacquerware and garments. In the past, the academic community has discussed the gift questions contained in the memorial service of wooden drums, wooden utensils, dry (shield), crowns, bows and arrows and carriages. The author did not care about the rudeness, combined lacquerware, world-renowned literature and unearthed literature, and tried to use auspicious gifts as the middle, and started to explore lacquerware from some representative lacquerware and avoid gift problems from pre-Qin.
1. The “Secret List, Respect Ghosts and Gods” in the edible utensils of the Chinese edible utensils are the best. They are the best in the country, which is filled with earthen gui and earthen utensils… They are accepted by Yu Shun as a food utensil, and they are used as food utensils, which are used as food utensils, and they are used as food utensils to make money by cutting them. The slabs were flowing on it, and they were poured into the palace as food utensils. The marquis thought it was extravagant, and the country was dissatisfied thirteen. Shun passed it on to Yu. Yu was used as a sacrifice utensil, and the ink dyed it outside it, while the paintings were covered with silk, and the mats were covered with cushions, and the wines and drinks were collected, and the wines and stews were painted. This was extravagant, but the country was dissatisfied thirty-three. “[2] According to Han Fei’s understanding, during the Tang Dynasty, China had already stepped into a civilized society. By the time of Shun and Yu, with the differentiation of society, the upper-level people in society began to use lacquer utensils as food utensils and sacrificial utensils. Late SocietyThe production capacity was extremely low, and this type of Huali’s utensil was destroyed by the high-level people and made it a symbol of its outstanding position and social wealth. Therefore, Emperor Shun and the Great Yu were strongly opposed by the Marquis. The heads of the late clan and tribes often had the duties of witches. Grasping the power of memorial service means having the ability to communicate with the gods, and also symbolizes their noble power and position. They use lacquer food vessels or lacquer sacrificial vessels to become gifts with the top grades.
Some broken lacquer cups were unearthed at the Liangzhu Civilization Sacrifice Site in Yuhang Mountain, Zhejiang Province. A high-handled cup of vermilion lacquer was unearthed from M9. “The inside of the instrument is an open circular cylinder, with a fine and tilted horn-shaped ring foot attached to the bottom. The original lacquer on the inner and outer walls of the whole body are still in its original state, the lacquer film is red and the coating is uniform. The lignous part and ring foot are combined and ring foot The outer wall near the bottom is a round three-piece shaped, with a convex front and a flat jade grain on the back. “[3] The sacrificial forum is often a special place for the witch to express the existence of “God” and the power of God. The sacrificial forum is a traditional “place” that is inconsistent with the thinking, and the sacrificial forum becomes the place where the witch to worship the heaven and the earth. The vermilion-lacquered jade-intacted cup is the sacrificial object here to worship the heaven and the gods. This type of extremely beautiful jade-inlaid lacquer also has the effect of a gift, belonging to precious and sparse items. Making it into a tool is a complex movement, and has nothing to do with daily production and career needs. It can be said that it is not a material need, but a desire for energy and concepts, and is occupied by a few people. It is an instigation and symbol of the components, positions and power of the ruler. The sacred and secret objects are sacred and secret objects that are conspicuously marked by the power of the rulers to issue orders, and can also enhance the cohesion of the ethnic society, forming a clear social organization of the Liangzhu civilization. [4]
The Taosi site in Xiangfen, Shanxi Province is one of the main sources of Chinese civilization. Students such as Tian Changwu and Wang Wenqing believe that this civilization site is the “civilization of the Tao Tang Empire” [5]. The lacquer tables are placed in front of the coffin, and the utensils on the table are in the same pattern: pottery mats are placed in large tombs, squid mats are placed on the left and high-handled beans are placed on the right; one or two pottery goblets are placed on the lacquer tables of medium tombs. The lacquered wooden case of small tombs is replaced by wooden boards, with 1 wooden bucket, 3 goblets and 2 cups. The objects on the case and the case are red painted. This type of utensils placed in front of the coffin reflects the divergent combination of large, medium and small tombs. The lower part of the “shapeware” is a circular column with mushroom-shaped cubes on it and the outer wall is full of red color. When it was unearthed, there was one more bone dagger on the instrument. [博博博6] The shape of the sacrificial vessels are placed on a high platform, and the pig leg bones that are effective for tribute are placed in the vessel to sacrifice to the sky. The shape-shaping instrument is the most ancient heavenly turtle or its uneven shape, and is used to commemorate the king’s six-heritage. [7] The shape-shaping instrument should be the uneven shape of the later generations such as the ceremonial utensils.
The lacquered woodware excavated at the Yanguofang, Zhou Dynasty in the Liuli River from 1981 to 1983 include “beans, goblets, jars, pots, gui, cups, and plates”., cubes, Yi, etc. “[8], this is a tomb with all kinds of food and drinks. In the tombs of the Western Zhou Dynasty, you can see such a large number of lacquerware, which is a complete set of utensils used for tribute. According to the regulations and utensils of the tombs, it is known that they are high-level precious tribes. In addition to the formation of Jiuliandun M2, there is no formation of Jiuliandun M2. In addition to the green copper gifts, there are also sets of lacquered wood gifts, including tripods, gui, huts, duns, huts, li, square kettles, beans, spoons, huts, jars, bans, saps and wooden kettles. [9] Dings, gui, spoons, and huts are common tributes. The sap is the chopping board for sacrificing meat. “Erya · Sculpture” Baoqing.com VIP says: “Du beans are the beans. Guo Pu’s note said: Beans are utensils. “The Book of Words: Yi is a common tool for the ancestral temple. “As a religious sacrificial utensil, its important use is to hold offerings, worship the ghosts and gods of Liuhe, and make them enjoy it. In addition, the ingredient of the tomb of Jiuliandun M2 is a major rank, and possessing so many lacquered utensils also shows that the tomb of the tomb is of great virtue and honor. Therefore, these archaeological discoveries The imitation copper lacquer gifts exist as the main burial objects of tombs, and their properties are similar to those of green copper lacquer gifts and imitation copper lacquer gifts. [10] These lacquer gifts exist as priest gifts. Like green copper lacquer gifts, their number and combination are different levels. The symbol of the tomb owner’s component.
2. The gift contained in the dance instrument of the dance in the memorial service
(I) The gift contained in the wooden drum in the memorial service
1. The application of wooden drums and their authority and authority Late drums were often related to memorial service, “the drums are lowered and the drums are combined to stop the sacrificial service”[11]. There are rec
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